ADHD Treatment For Adults - Stimulant Medication
Stimulant drugs like methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine are typically considered the as the first-line treatment for adults with ADHD. These drugs boost and balance levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine or antidepressants can be prescribed if stimulants aren't appropriate for the patient due to other health issues or side effects. These drugs work more slowly than stimulants and decrease the impulsivity and inattention.
Stimulants
Stimulants boost the levels of brain neurotransmitters dopamine, and norepinephrine, which improve concentration and decrease impulsivity as well as hyperactivity. These drugs are used to treat ADHD in both adults and children. Several different brands of stimulant medications are available, and each has its own advantages and adverse effects. The majority of people respond well to long-acting medicines that build up within the body over time. This helps reduce the "ups and downs" caused by fluctuating medication levels which can make symptoms worse as the drug is worn off. The FDA has approved a variety of ADHD treatment options such as methylphenidates (including Ritalin and Concerta) and amphetamines.
Non-stimulants
There are also non-stimulant medicines that can treat adults with adhd, though they might take longer to start working. These medications are known as norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists. They are typically prescribed for high blood pressure, but they have been used "off-label" to treat ADHD in adults and children for many years. Because effects of untreated adhd in adults don't impact the epinephrine system in the same way that stimulants do, they are less likely to cause serious adverse effects or addiction. These medications can be used regularly and work for up to 24 hours to decrease impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention.
Certain patients suffering from ADHD have difficulty to tolerate stimulants due their negative side effects. In these cases doctors may prescribe antidepressants in combination with a stimulant to help reduce side effects. These medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine (Tofranil) and nortriptyline (Aventyl or Pamelor). Antidepressants typically have more complex adverse effects than stimulants and are usually only prescribed when other medications aren't working.
Diet and exercise can aid in treating ADHD. A balanced diet is crucial for all adults but it's particularly essential for those with ADHD. A healthy diet can help improve concentration, reduce the impulsive behavior, and decrease cravings for food. People with ADHD should consult with a physician before making any changes to their diet or removing any foods.
Counseling
Adults with ADHD can benefit from therapy or psychological counseling. This type of therapy can help people develop strategies for managing their problems and can help them improve their lives. CBT is a form of therapy that people with ADHD have shown to be successful at. CBT is designed to change negative thinking patterns and replace them with more positive ones. Marital and family therapy can be beneficial for adults with ADHD.
Self-help strategies, like improving sleep habits and limiting caffeine intake, can also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. People suffering from ADHD should talk to their primary care provider regarding a referral to an ADHD specialist. A psychiatrist or therapist who has expertise in treating adults suffering from ADHD might be able to help people find the right combination of treatments. They can offer support and advice for managing ADHD at home, at school or on the job. They can also assist parents or spouses learn to better communicate with the child or partner with ADHD and learn how to deal with the challenges associated with living with ADHD.